Rescuing a Planet under Stress and a Civilization in Trouble Essay Sample free essay sample

The essayist of Plan B 2. 0. Lester R. Earthy colored is the President of the Earth Policy Institute. The book is a blend of cheerfulness for the great beyond and a dread of looming fiasco. The book is a review of the world’s headway and lack of progression on the issues of poverty. monetary conditions. guidance. what's more, populace. While perusing. apparently the occupations are overwhelming Lester Brown feels that they are extremely feasible. He covers the financial and mechanical requests and feels that the universe has all the vital apparatuses to work out the occupations. Earthy colored has a notoriety for being viable and extends to direct answers for the employment opportunities. In part 7 he handles the activity of a quick turning populace and the impacts this has on the world’s common assets and maintainability. The section starts by providing a diagram of the headway that has happened over the universe and he features examples and arrangements from effective states as delineations for different provinces to use. We will compose a custom paper test on Saving a Planet under Stress and a Civilization in a difficult situation Essay Sample or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page There are sure and negative representation gave in an expansive arrangement of states and scenes. Instructing the individuals of the universe. with the goal that everybody has a standard of proficiency and discernment is a significant point of convergence of the part. Sing guidance. Earthy colored arrangements about the interest for cosmopolitan guidance for the entirety of the children known to man. . The parts audit the way that 1000000s of children start off existence with a handicap on the off chance that they do non hold the advantage of essential guidance. The inadequacy of guidance is featured as the essential if non select reason for an extending spread among rich and hapless. The United Nations set the finish of guaranting that there is cosmopolitan essential guidance by the twelvemonth 2015. This is a start. The World Bank is offering to flexibly support to regions that submit sensible projects which incorporate neighborhood assets and crystalline bookkeeping techniques. The estimation is that cosmopolitan guidance in the 80 expresses that need this support would add up to an aggregate of 12 billion dollars for each twelvemonth. Teaching misss is an unconventional point of convergence of the part. as taught. proficient misss lead to bring down birth rates in grown-up female and better medicinal services for kids. Teaching other than impacts that horticultural network as educated individuals can comprehend issues partner to seting. pesticides and harvesting. Instruction other than influences the overall pestilence of HIV. Instructed individuals can peruse and comprehend data identified with the spreading and bar of HIV each piece great as different maladies. Once more. the complement on teaching misss is examined as it identified with HIV. A few states, for example, Ethiopia have had great results offering grants to family units to help keep up the misss in school. The regulation is that the more drawn out misss remain in school. the less children they will hold. In the most unfortunate of states. family units are compelled to keep up kids out of school with the goal that they can work and addition cash to ba ck up the family unit. Little grants can do a distinction in this mood. Identified with guidance is sustenance. Earthy colored exchanges about the improved capacity and positive outcomes connected to providing school tiffin plans. Youngsters who eat great are bound to make go to and make great in school. The US designs that give school tiffins each piece great as plans to pregnant grown-up females and children are utilized as representations that could be copied in different states. Tending to the fundamental interest of supplement can hold a huge effect on a child’s capacity to larn. The contribution of a free tiffin other than urges families to guide children to class. This part other than discusses the interest to go to the issue of universe over populace. Earthy colored feels that the UN. World Bank and the US ought to do the explanation that the universe can non suit family units holding multiple children. He discusses the representations of Iran and China. the two of which have had achievement in cut bringing down populace. He gives representation of the difficulty Iran looked in footings of social and otherworldly convictions identified with this issue. The interest to better health influences neediness in a variety and wide stretch ways. UNICEF and WHO have had achievement actualizing plans that influence regular health occupations, for example, looseness of the bowels. Terbium and Malaria. Projects of unwritten rehydration treatment using modest saline have had significant effect and can be simple repeated around the world. The equivalent can be said for decreasing infection spread by filthy H2O. There are representations of endeavors that guarantee clean H2O and sewerage framework that can other than be copied. Backing is the issue for these endeavors. Earthy colored gives away from of how the building is as of now in topographic point. While the more unfortunate immature states are going up against issues, for example, TB and Malaria. The well to make conditions of the universe are facing wellbeing emergency identified with over guilty pleasure in supplement and medications including final resting place nails. Smoking delay plans have been generally utilized with extraordinary achievement. These plans can other than be reproduced simple and hold significant effect on smoking related illnesses, for example, chest infection and dangerous neoplastic ailment. Numerous states including Ireland. Norway. India and China have restricted smoke as has the US. Numerous health issues are preventable by basic youth vaccinations. Creating states incapable to flexibly these immunizations experience infections that the rest of the universe no wait exchanges with. Inoculation is a basic and simple comprehended technique for bettering health. Likewise with everything identified with destitution. cash is the issue. Youth vaccination plans have been supported by private establishment, for example, the Gates and Turner establishment. Associations between authoritiess. concern. private establishments and non-benefit affiliations are a way of pooling assets towards a typical end. These plans have been exceptionally effective and Brown advocators for providing such essential immunisations around the world. In view of the size of the activity. HIV is managed as a different wellbeing work in the section. This issue is of class identified with guidance when all is said in done and to guidance of misss explicitly. Once more. a proficient populace can peruse and comprehend the issue and make a move to prevent the spread of this malady. Earthy colored talks about this issue from the perspective of bar. The section does non go to the issue of providing mediation to those effectively influenced with the infection. Earthy colored dealings about the interest to explicitly point HIV bar endeavors toward truck drivers. cocottes and the military. There are three awful populaces because of the idea of their way of life and regular examples. He gives representations of endeavors that have been fruitful in footings of focused bar. Nigeria tended to the issue by providing free rubbers to every single military power. The measurements and financial thought of the HIV emergency is examined in the part. Earthy colored expresses that it would take 12 billion rubbers to dispose of the activity. piece by and by simply around 2. 5 billion are circulated. The whole expense to make full the elastic spread is only around 2 billion dollars. This measurement is oculus hole. He makes reference to that while the US gives an incredible exchange of guidance on these issues. he unmistakably feels that the US highlight on abstention is limited. Earthy colored feel that one of the most basic stairss toward work excursion the occupations identified with destitution and populace. is the riddance of obligation. Creating states need absolution on obligations to different provinces and to the World Bank. He other than talked about the interest for appropriations for agribusiness that will work to their advantage. He gives the outline of African states spending multiple times more on obligation than they spend on wellbeing and guidance. There has been an incredible exchange of obligation pardoning by the G-8. which he feels can give these states another beginning. what's more, the capacity to focus their asset on guidance. wellbeing and the pulverization of need. Earthy colored other than offers help for cut bringing down the homestead appropriations more extravagant states accommodate their ain agribusiness. He discusses the impacts these sponsorships have on the bigger universe agrarian picture. Earthy colored gives a spending plan to every region of the part and makes it look rather conceivable. He gives great outlines of working plans from all through the universe. He makes a decent occasion for the idea that cooperating. the UN and World Bank alongside associations, for example, UNICEF. private establishments and significant states including the US. Earthy colored does a five star occupation doing everything appear to be conceivable. He gives trust and gives truly clears stairss on the most proficient method to work out the occupations. Illuminating the occupations of need is unmistakably about guidance. Instruction relies upon wellbeing and nourishment. Wellbeing and sustenance relies upon agribusiness and the capacity to cultivate is identified with fundss and guidance. The stairss are clear and as Brown clarifies it. it isn’t an overwhelming endeavor. Indeed, even the financial plan appears to be conceivable. Be that as it may. Earthy colored doesn’t to t he full recognize the lamentable universe of war and opinion and inadequacy of worry by numerous individuals on the planet. He other than gives a world shortsighted situation on the occupations. For outline. he discusses the interest to pass simply 2 billion dollars to purchase and appropriate all the rubbers expected to go to the spread of HIV. We know by the by. that even with guidance and uninhibitedly accessible rubbers. HIV is dispersing. HIV is circulating in nations where guidance and course to rubbers is non an issue. While rubbers have a significant effect. it’s non the full story. There are comparative illustrati

Disc Brake System: How Does It Work Essay

Stopping mechanism is a gadget that makes contacts to back off and in the long run to stop the development of an item. There are a couple of various sorts of brakes; nonetheless, they are totally based on a similar guideline of grinding. In car, the most well-known sort of brake today is the plate brake since it gives higher proficiency and more wellbeing to clients. Plate brake comprises of brake liquid, a cylinder, a caliper, brake cushions, a rotor, and a center point. Coming up next is an essential portrayal of a plate brake’s system. 1.When the brake pedal is squeezed, the brake liquid is compelled to enter the caliper chamber where the cylinder is sitting in. Thusly, that liquid pushes the cylinder, which is appended with a brake cushion on the opposite end, close to the rotor. 2.Once the brake cushion is in contact with the rotor, the caliper agreements to bring the other brake cushion to contact with the opposite side of the rotor too. The pushing of both brake cushions against the rotor creates a grinding power that will slow the turn of the rotor and in the end carry it to a stop. 3. Since the wheel appends to the center point and the center joins to the rotor, subsequently, when the rotor is eased back down, the wheel is likewise eased back down. 4.Meanwhile, the contact between the tire and the outside of the street additionally acts to slow the turn of the wheel. Circle brake can produce a lot of rubbing. This is the reason its fundamental applications ordinarily include development with extraordinary speed, for example, vehicles and airplane. Since plate brake requires more support than other less difficult brake and in light of the fact that brake is legitimately identified with your wellbeing when driving, it is prescribed to have your brakes checked consistently by an authorized brake professional/master.

ASOS Case Study Essay

Publicizing and DIGITAL MARKETING 1. Portray how ASOS applies the showcasing blend on the web? With the assistance of an advertising blend, the organization can meet its promoting goals. There are seven focuses which are famously known as the 7P’s, they are item, place, value, advancement, individuals, process and physical proof. Item ASOS utilizes an online stage to sell style. ASOS has a wide scope of apparel from shoes, coats, extras, swimwear, nightwear and some more. Under ASOS wide scope of well known brands are accessible like Nike, Adidas, Calvin Klein and so on aside from this ASOS sells brands at serious rates with other online locales. It has around 50,000 items accessible and is broadening its range regular Cost ASOS trusts in sensible evaluating methodology, however a significant number of their items are costly particularly the top of the line brands. A large portion of the items sold are those ragged by big names that are sold at less expensive rates than different brands. The best thing about ASOS is that they have deals once in a while, and a large portion of the items go on half deal. ASOS doesn’t have free conveyance administration which could be one negative effect. Spot ASOS just uses an online stage to sell their items, and works absolutely by means of the web. So clients don’t need to visit any stores, they simply need to sign in to the site select the items add them to bushel and pay. ASOS has a stockroom where they keep the stock and when requested by clients, it conveys from that point. They have a colossal stockroom of 32,500 square meters. They have an administrative center which is situated at: More noteworthy London House Hampstead Road London NW1 7FB UK Advancement ASOS advances itself by giving out rebate codes. They are constantly dynamic in messaging their enrolled clients about the updates design. When the client has bought an item, they will begin getting the bulletin and booklets about the site. As they are on web they advance it by posting recordings of catwalks, style shows and that's only the tip of the iceberg. They even advance themselves on long range interpersonal communication destinations as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. Individuals Individuals are the representatives that work for the business, without them it’s difficult to deal with such an immense business. These representatives are exceptionally prepared and proficient in their work. In ASOS the client care is bit unique in relation to what is given in the retail locations. These individuals are profoundly talented in the IT division, so they are refreshed with the patterns. A portion of the BOD who are responsible for ASOS are Chairman-Lord Waheed Alli, Chief Executive-Nick Robertson, and Non-Executive Director-Karen Jones. Procedure Shopping encounters at ASOS are entirely unexpected from some other high road store. Clients can't attempt the item yet they can just observe it through pictures. The item they need to purchase, will at that point be passed on into the crate and afterward it very well may be bought through PayPal, charge card. The conveyance will be normal in 4-5 working days. Physical Proof As referenced before ASOS works absolutely from an online stage, so it doesn't have any physical proof. The physical proof is the receipt or the printouts of the items they have bought. The official site of ASOS is http://www.asos.com/. At ASOS they consistently update their site with new items and advancements. 2. Synopses the incorporated interchanges methodology utilized by ASOS? ASOS is currently number two retailer in UK. They are among the hugest retail online design store. Their ongoing movement was to open an e-following shop inside Facebook, and it was propelled on 27th January 2011. ASOS is continually striving to change the market pattern. Clients would now be able to follow their conveyances. Customersâ can waitlist their items, pick shading. ASOS additionally included catwalk highlights for ladies wear. So over and over ASOS is attempting its best to speak with their clients on a coordinated level ASOS utilized different specialized techniques. a. They have expanded the pages of their magazine to 116. The initial three issues of magazine created more than 1.5 million pounds in deals and 9% was the normal reaction rate. After that magazine on menswear was additionally dispatches in May 2008, which discussed style, patterns, amusement and great design sense. b. ASOS consistently is in contact with their 1.8 million clients. The bulletin helped in deals by 137% in 2001 c. In 2006, there was right around 2236 style article content about asos.com and its items , which additionally helped the deals go up by 59% d. ASOS goes about as a closest companion would to its clients. This implies clients spread the news to others. The greater part of its clients feel that they have an individual relationship with ASOS. This kind of verbal exchange has helped the deals go up and helped constructing faithfulness. It was seen that 15% of clients visited the site on proposal of companions. e. In the last study by asos.com 73% of clients expres sed that they spread the news to their companions. ASOS has a group of 30 client support counsels. This group reacts to messages, pamphlets and updates the person to person communication site and normally speaks with its clients. To interface with clients ASOS is constantly dynamic on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Google+ and they even have their own magazine application for iPhones. To get increasingly connected with, they propelled the F-store in 2011. Presently they have more than 1.7 million likes on Facebook, more than 325k supporters on twitter and more than 440k adherents on Google+. 3. What dangers do you think overseeing as ASOS extends abroad? ASOS needs to constantly change its market portion in such an alterable industry. Individuals these days are unusual and their style sense changes normally. Building brand unwaveringness in such alterable markets is troublesome, and building dependability is the way to progress for ASOS. The fundamental inquiry here is how ASOS will make a more grounded association with its clients in a troublesome issues? Since ASOS doesn’t have any physical proof, for example A Store, a shopping sack and so forth. There are various dangers that come connected at the hip withâ the advantages of development: 1. Customized substance will increment to remember the various areas, their societies, atmospheres and purchasing propensities 2. Things as preliminary and returns are likewise increasingly muddled when organizations extend around the world 3. Speaking with an individual impact to cause every client to feel one of a kind and acknowledged requires a great deal of exertion and when a stage gets overall there is a colossal blend of clients that could get faithful, to manage every one on its own level is additionally a test 4. Conveyance channels additionally need to expand, new ones likewise should be made, new administration for each part should be selected and so forth. 5. Quality control should be kept up when an organization goes into large scale manufacturing If we talk about ubiquity ASOS is less notable outside Europe. Hole and ZARA are the fundamental contenders of ASOS as they likewise have web based shopping stage, and they are very much perceived everywhere throughout the world in contrast with ASOS. So for ASOS to be famous all around the globe, it needs to target new portions and manufacture the faithfulness around the globe. ASOS is beginning to pick up prominence in Australia and USA as they opened their new workplaces there. With further extension of ASOS, they should begin to think about creation more distribution centers far and wide. The greater part of their stuff is made in China, Eastern Europe or numerous other minimal effort nations, and are then transported to the UK. They could be progressively dynamic on informal communication locales, post recordings on You-Tube in various dialects, so individuals can get drew in to them. Long range interpersonal communication can be an issue toward the beginning. But this, CRM can be a significant issue too . ASOS can improve Customer Relationship Management (CRM) framework for some limited time motors like intrigue chart. Customer’s intrigue can be estimated through Business Intelligence Data gathered on the web. As referenced before the principle issue is make devotion to the clients, so another approach to improve CRM is to give the clients faithfulness program. As ASOS target markets are same in UK and some different nations, if ASOS needs to go around the world, it needs to change their intended interest group from youth to everybody, to draw in every single segment portion. ASOS would confront numerous contenders around the world, there would be many design sites like ASOS. 4. Recognize the key components of ASOS’s key advertising plan? Situational Analysis- ASOS targets clients who are youthful and know the feeling of style, the most recent pattern. What's more, with the exception of this they appreciate shopping on the web more than heading off to the genuine shop, remaining in the line. To shop online ASOS is giving easy to understand interface on their cell phones moreover. SWOT Analysis- Quality: ASOS has assortment of items from shoe wear to extras. Individuals don’t need to go out and shop and burn through their time, they can without much of a stretch call for items web based by their decisions. Shortcoming: This can be shortcoming as well, if a few people needs to go out to shop and see the items, feel them or attempt them, they can’t as they don’t have any physical proof. ASOS should make a solid effort to make their item perceived, by placing adverts or little articles in magazine about ASOS. Opportunity: To be progressively dynamic on Facebook, as the individuals worldwide may not know ASOS that much, yet through long range informal communication to be in contact with them. Refreshing their style on Facebook page or gathering. Noting their issues and managing their grumblings. Danger: ASOS has numerous contentions, for example, GAP, ZARA and H&M and a lot more who are likewise managing on the web design store. As referenced before there are no physical proof on ASOS where individuals could proceed to attempt garments, or trade or take discounts. Contender ASOS has numerous contenders who need to become like it, however they can’t. The top most contender of ASOS are GAP and ZARA, as the two of them likewise focuses on a similar objective markets and now they even began the on the web

Unstable Allegories of Eviction and Othering in District 9 - Literature Essay Samples

As Hollywood’s first and only science-fiction blockbuster set in South Africa’s economic capital, District 9 was subjected upon release to cursory analyses by critics who are superficially familiar with the history and modern social context of the film’s country. These reviews unilaterally assumed the film’s central message to be an allegorical recapitulation of apartheid, the system of institutionalized racism that was officially upheld from 1948 to 1994. Exemplary reviews from Washington D.C.’s NPR, London’s The Guardian, and Johannesburg’s Mail Guardian respectively refer to District 9 as â€Å"an apartheid allegory,† a film with â€Å"allegorical overtones† of apartheid, and an â€Å"allegory of apartheid and xenophobia.† In all three articles, the insistence on an allegorical reading is drawn from the film’s focus on a segregation-motivated forced eviction of a non-human population and a proposed histo ric parallel with evictions of South Africa’s urban non-white populace. Academic articles written later, such as Alexandra Heller-Nicholas’ â€Å"Apartheid, Spectacle and the Real: From District Six to District 9,† and Michael Valdez Moses’ â€Å"The Strange Ride of Wikus Van de Merwe,† also fall into the same pattern of assuming allegorical intentions on behalf of the filmmaker, and evaluate District 9’s socially progressive merit or lack thereof on those grounds, rather than on a direct interpretation of the film’s symbolic content. Unsurprisingly, the reviewers writing furthest from the film’s locale were most likely to locate District 9’s allegorical message in the past, and locate it apart from Johannesburg. The American magazine Newsweek published an article entitled â€Å"The Real District 9: Cape Towns District Six† that states, â€Å"of course [the film is] about apartheid and segregation, but to South Africans its also about Cape Towns now-defunct District Six, and the real-life slums that rose up when it was dismantled.† Heller-Nicholas, an Australian academic, supports this view, writing that the â€Å"aliens of District 9 mirror the non-white residents in District Six, who were already victims of the most flagrant injustices at the hands of government sanctioned discrimination before they were forcefully relocated. Blomkamp’s film exposes the horror and cruelty of this eviction.† The assumption implicit in her analysis is that â€Å"exposure† of histori cal injustice is the allegorical intent of the work, an assumption which discounts the less glowingly progressive anti-allegorical readings of the film. We find a contemporary allegorical interpretation in an article from South Africa’s own Mail and Guardian also entitled â€Å"The Real District 9.† The author draws parallels from the fictional slum to the currently-standing Soweto shantytown of Chiawelo, where District 9 was filmed. They also correlate the proposed fictional District 10 to the real-life refugee camps to which foreign national slum-dwellers were forcibly relocated when the slums were made unsafe by xenophobic attacks and riots before, during, and after filming. Another Australian academic, Simone Brott, strongly argues for these corollaries: â€Å"filming of the science-fiction film in an evacuated shack settlement used real immigrants as extras, and it witnessed those same dispossessed persons being forcibly transferred to Reconstruction and Development Program (RDP) government housing during the making of the film, leaving behind a sea of empty shacks. District 9 is not hyperreality or verità ©, it is reality.† Further supporting her claim is District 9 director Neill Blomkamp’s statement that the dialogue used in the interviews of the film’s opening sequence was minimally altered from non-fictional interviews with native black South African township residents about foreign migrants. Both popular press articles are correct in identifying thematic resonance between the film’s evictions and real-life events, but an allegorical reading of the film is confounded by the presence of two distinct temporal/geographic real-life contexts for the film’s fictional eviction. If we follow film scholar David Christopher’s proposition that â€Å"one might broadly define allegory as any narrative that symbolically references events and people who comprise an identifiable historic event,† it becomes clear that despite its abundance of symbolic references, District 9 lacks an unambiguously identifiable singular event for an allegory. We can see this in the opening sequence of the film, which focuses heavily on a timeline of the alien arrival through and after apartheid rule. Time-stamped VHS footage of the ship’s arrival in 1982 is rapidly juxtaposed with ‘documentary’-style to-camera interviews with MNU employees, a sociologist, and a journalist in the modern day, with the new timeframe visually confirmed by the 2008 calendar on Wikus’ desk. A few eye-level contemporary shots of signs barring entry to non-humans in public places, the signs used heavily in the advertising and viral marketing of District 9, are followed by modern day news footage, commentary, and the word-on-the-street interviews that Brott confirmed as transcribed from the real words of xenophobic South Africans. The effect of this montage is a collapsing of temporality: the audience tracks the grainy historical footage of the ship’s opening, the signage in the alternate present that carries warnings reminiscent of apartheid zoning to South African viewers and of Jim Crow laws to American viewers, and scenes of protest and rioting, all in the same visual field. The audience can then conflate these disparate visual metaphors for refugee arrival, institutional discrimination, and popular outrage into one symbolic cluster of the socia l issues the film’s speculative elements seek to address. This clustering does not allow for a specific modern or historical reading of the aliens’ arrival because the condensed timeline precludes the audience from sensing a significant difference in the way the aliens are treated in either timeframe. Another cluster of imagery is evident in the cutting from news footage of human violence against aliens to news footage of alleged alien violence and property destruction against humans. The messages in the news ticker progresses through â€Å"Human and alien rioting continues for fourth day† to â€Å"non-humans violently evicted from townships† and â€Å"humans want aliens out† in the first montage of clips, which is generally sympathetic to the aliens. The ticker starts with â€Å"alien violence escalates† and ends with â€Å"alien violence spreads downtown† in the second montage, which includes imagery of the slum’s shacks burning and a train being derailed. The viewer’s sympathies can shift rapidly from clip to clip, as aliens and humans are alternately held up as victims of inter-species conflict. Allegory is defined as taking place in a specific time and place and historical narrative, so the rapid jumping between time, place, an d narrative tone in this scene, and indeed throughout the film, challenges any allegory that might arise from similarities between District 9’s plot and real-life events. Another critic of allegorical readings, UC Davis’ Joshua Clover, argues that what â€Å"forecloses allegory . . . is the impossibility of establishing who the aliens â€Å"really are†; it can only be allegory, after all, if they stand in the place of some identifiable group.† The first five minutes of eviction footage in the film effectively Others the non-human characters so radically that despite their shared circumstances with real refugees and apartheid victims, no parallel can be drawn with their reactions to imposed poverty. If the film’s documentary segments are taken to be canonical truth in the fictional context, the aliens are shown to be literally mindless and monstrous, with a biological drive to addiction, a tendency towards wanton destruction, and a superhuman capacity for murder. In their most inhuman moment, we see aliens enthusiastically colluding with their predatory drug dealers in a cockfight between their (presumed non-sentient) larval offspring. Past this point, it is impossible to label the aliens as direct stand-in for any distinct group of South Africans in history or modernity. If these scenes are taken at face value they imply that the filmmaker presents the victims of institutional racism as inherently violent and disgusting, pitiable for their plight, but not respectable as people. This is at odds with the positive allegorical portrayals of alien victimhood presented by the film reviewers, but not with the analysis of scholars who contend that Blomkamp’s film has racist, regressive tendencies. After describing the portrayal of District 9’s Nigerian gangsters as a â€Å"distillation of some of the most negative contemporary South African stereotypes of Nigerian immigrants,† film scholar Michael Valdez Moses argues: â€Å"If the Nigerians are a throwback to the negative colonial stereotype of the ‘primitive’ African, the ‘prawns’ correspond to both the old stereotype and a new one, no less negative for being up-to-date: that of the shiftless, violent, and degenerate urban African lumpenproletariat.† Christopher similarly picks up on a naturalized stereotype inherent in the aliens’ portrayal: â€Å"the alien addiction to cat food is a genetic predisposition and echoes racist notions that narcotics addiction is a similarly genetic predisposition of ostensibly inferior racial breeds.† Despite the layers of irony in the film’s meta-fictional structure – the ‘documentary’ of the aliens’ ordeal could arguably be skewed at times to cast the aliens in an unpleasant light – the literalism of the stereotype is made evident by that fact that â€Å"Wikus is already addicted upon his alien transformation† in a scene shown outside of the ‘documentary’ framing. These analyses indicate that, because our inability to locate one-to-one fictional/non-fictional analogues for the aliens and their slum destabilizes an allegorical reading of District 9, the film opens up to broader criticism and analysis of its metaphoric content. Christopher uses this lens to argue that â€Å"the film narrative explicitly addresses social and political inequalities, and in doing so creates an illusion that it cannot possibly reproduce them – a convenient political tool of the film itself, a sort of entertainment criticism false-consciousness.† Valdez Moses follows that argument by conceding that the film, once disassociated from an expectation of allegory, becomes open to interpretation, but nevertheless reflects in some major ways the convictions of the filmmaker: â€Å"To be sure, the degraded condition of the aliens might be interpreted from a liberal perspective as the result of their mistreatment and oppression by the South African authorities and MNU, rather than the manifestation of their inherent viciousness. But this progressive view of matters does nothing to explain the most disturbing aspects of District 9, its thinly veiled portrait of post-apartheid South Africa as a political dystopia.† One with such a â€Å"liberal perspective† could argue that the film’s presentation of subjugated persons engaging in forms of violence toward which they are innately attuned could be metaphorically read as an ironic depiction of a particular real-life narrative, employed around the world by police and ‘anti-terror’ forces. The narrative vision of the subaltern’s innate capacity for insurrectionary violence is frequently invoked to justify the hegemon’s domination over subaltern bodies. The popular belief in this narrative was recent given national attention by White American police officer Darren Wilson’s testimonial depiction of his African-American shooting victim, Michael Brown, as a monstrous figure superhumanly capable of hurting him. The film features hallmarks of this narrative in every scene wherein a prawn is shown to be superhumanly capable of extreme violence. One such scene is the introduction of the aliens’ biologically-encoded weaponry, which is shown to be highly destructive in a ‘documentary’ segment. In an interview clip, it is said by a journalist that it â€Å"just doesn’t work with humans, and it’s as simple as that.† The other clear examples of the alien’s innate capacity for violence are the two times in the film when aliens tear off human limbs. There is compelling evidence, that the film does not take the â€Å"progressive view of matters† against the dominant cultural narrative of innate subaltern aggression, but instead reifies its grasp on our imagination. The presence of innate alien violence in the film is not presented by the film’s state propaganda stand-ins (MNU interviews and mainstream news footage) but by the ‘documentary’ footage used to layer in ‘objective realism’ to the film’s plot, which is otherwise mediated by the opinions of the storytellers. The literalism of these scenarios upholds, rather than satirizes or contests, the popular belief in an innate capacity for, or propensity toward violence in disenfranchised populations. Blomkamp has made clear in the press his intentions not to make a film solely focused on apartheid metaphors but to satirically envision what an extraterrestrial landing would look like in his home country, incorporating elements of South Africa’s xenophobia, organized crime, and corporatized militarism. When prompted by a Canadian interviewer to â€Å"get the giant apartheid metaphor out of the way first,† Blomkamp responded with his assertion that the film â€Å"isnt necessarily just a metaphor for apartheid . . . it is meant to be a whole bunch of topics that had an effect on me when I was living there . . . the collapse of Zimbabwe and the flood of illegal immigrants into South Africa, and then how you have impoverished black South Africans in conflict with the immigrants. All that amounts to a very unusual situation. And South Africa [as] the birthplace of the modern private military contractor . . . a lot of other things besides apartheid . . . such as segregation in general.† Unfortunately, this grab bag of themes necessarily includes the director’s perspective as a white expatriate who grew up during apartheid, now looks upon modern Joburg as having violently degenerated upon integration, and lacks the perspective to see the roots of historical disenfranchisement in such a development. Blomkamp’s exploration of â€Å"segregation in general† falls back on tired tropes of an Other naturally and violently unfit for human civilization, all in an earnest attempt to speculate without allegorizing on how we generally treat Othered groups, including refugees and victims of racial discrimination. The film avoids simplistic retroactive cultural criticism only to reveal an essential lack of critical thought in the director’s view of the people currently inhabiting ‘the real District 9.’ Bibliography Bouie, Jamelle. Michael Brown Wasn’t a Superhuman Demon to Anyone but Darren Wilson. Slate. The Slate Group, 26 Nov. 20 14. Web. 20 Dec. 2014. . Brott, Simone. Violent Urbanism is Us. Audience: Proceedings of the International Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians of Australia and New Zealand 28.1 (2011). Queensland University of Technology. Society of Architectural Historians of Australia and New Zealand. Web. 25 Nov. 2014. . Catsoulis, Jeannette. In District 9, An Apartheid Allegory (With Aliens). NPR. National Public Radio, Inc., 13 Aug. 2009. Web. 19 Dec. 2014. . Christopher, David. The Allegory of Apartheid and the Concealment of Race Relations in District 9. Online International Journal of Arts and Humanities 2.2 (2013): 40-46. Online Research Journals. Web. 25. Nov. 2014. . Clover, Joshua. Allegory Bomb. Film Quarterly 63.2 (2009): 8-9. JSTOR. University of California Press. Web. 25 Nov. 2014. . District 9. Tri-Star Pictures, 2009. DVD. Heller-Nicholas, Alexandra. Apartheid, Spectacle and the Real: From District Six to District 9. Screen Education 61.1 (2011). Swinburne R esearch Bank. Australian Teachers of Media Inc. Web. 25. Nov. 2014. . Johnson, Scott C. The Real District 9: Cape Towns District Six. Newsweek. Newsweek LLC, 26 Aug. 2009. Web. 20 Dec. 2014. . Moses, Michael Valdez. The Strange Ride of Wikus van de Merwe. Safundi: The Journal of South African and American Studies. 11.1-2 (2010). 155-175. Taylor Francis Online. Routledge. Web. 25 Nov. 2014. . The Real District 9. The Mail Guardian Online. MG Media Ltd., 5 Sept. 2009. Web. 20 Dec. 2014. . Smith, David. District 9: South Africa and Apartheid Come to the Movies. The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, 20 Aug. 2009. Web. 19 Dec. 2014. .

The Good and Bad of Roosevelts New Deal Essay - 1191 Words

The Good and Bad of Roosevelts New Deal The era of the Great Depression was by far the worst shape the United States had ever been in, both economically and physically. Franklin Roosevelt was elected in 1932 and began to bring relief with his New Deal. In his first 100 days as President, sixteen pieces of legislation were passed by Congress, the most to be passed in a short amount of time. Roosevelt was re-elected twice, and quickly gained the trust of the American people. Many of the New Deal policies helped the United States economy greatly, but some did not. One particularly contradictory act was the Agricultural Adjustment Act, which was later declared unconstitutional by Congress. Many things also stayed very consistent in†¦show more content†¦In retrospect, farmers found themselves worse off because the National Recovery Administration had been very successful in forcing up prices that consumers, including farmers had to pay for manufactured goods. Unfortunately , massive government intervention in agriculture never went away. Another one of the New Deals contradictory reforms was the National Industrial Recovery Act. The principle was to establish minimum wages and prices and general labor regulations. On one hand, it sought to keep wage rates high and give the consumer greater purchasing power. On the other hand, it established hundreds of legally sanctioned industry-wide cartels that were allowed to establish standard wages, hours of operation and minimum prices on their own terms. The minimum prices meant that businesses would be prevented from underselling each other. The artificially high wages also meant that unemployment would continue to rise. High prices for goods were not the right path to take since the United States economy was in the biggest depression it had ever seen. 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Ct, Mri, And Coronal Images Of The Body Planes - 1477 Words

CT This week I rotated through CT. CT is computed tomography. CT uses special x-ray machines to show detailed images of the body planes. This machine splits the body into axial, sagittal, and coronal images on one scan. Some CT scans are done with contrast and some are done without contrast. Contrast in used to highlight the vessels in the body so they will show up bright on the image. The contrast is injected through an IV that is inserted by either a tech or a nurse. Most scans were done on the chest, abdomen or pelvis but I also seen a few soft tissue neck scans and head scans. CT does both out patients and inpatients. They have a busy schedule and is very hard for them to stay on track. It doesn’t take much for them to fall behind. I enjoyed working in CT and cannot wait to go back. All the techs that we were working with were very nice and willing to help. They also taught us the basics to using a CT machine. I got select the protocol for the scan that was ordered, scan t he scout image and set the margins for the actual CT scan. They also showed me how to load up the injector with the appropriate amount of contrast and saline water. The contrast that they most commonly use is Omnipaque 350. My two favorite techs to work with were Melissa and Merikay. Melissa was very helpful and talked me through the steps from pulling up the patient, selecting the proper protocol and starting the scout image. I also got to log the amount of contrast that was injected and got toShow MoreRelatedElectromagnetic Fields And Its Effects On Human Society Essay1801 Words   |  8 PagesResonance Imaging (MRI) EENG 3303 College of Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering University of Texas at Tyler Houston, TX 29/11/2016 Adrian Acuna Abstract Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical test that physicians use to diagnose and treat medical conditions.  MRI  uses a powerful magnetic field, radio frequency pulses and a computer to produce detailed pictures of organs, soft tissues, bone and virtually all other internal body structures. IRead MoreUsing High Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging And Adjuvant Therapy For Tumor Regression1444 Words   |  6 PagesMRI due to its high sensitivity for soft tissue enables to view structures clearly which has been a major advance in visualizing rectal tumors and can predict the T stage (mrTstage) with good accuracy Brown G. et al, 2003. Detailed staging using high resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enables the selection of patients that require pre/ post-operative therapy for tumor regression. This information can be used to select neoadjuvant therapy and adjuvant therapy in those patients with poor prognosticRead MoreX Ray Versus Ct For Traumatic Paediatric Cervical Spine Imaging : What Guidance Do Clinicans Have?2983 Words   |  12 PagesX-RAY VERSUS CT FOR TRAUMATIC PAEDIATRIC CERVICAL SPINE IMAGING: WHAT GUIDANCE DO CLINICANS HAVE? Introduction: Evidence shows that road traffic accidents are the most common cause of paediatric cervical spine (c-spine) injury, with many dying at the scene (Booth, 2012). On presentation to the hospital, assessment of the paediatric patient requires recognition of subtle signs and symptoms, often in the setting of distracting injuries (Jones, Anderson and Noonan, 2011). Since history taking fromRead MoreThe Risks And Hazards Associated With Risk Reduction And Safety Will Be Discussed2175 Words   |  9 Pageslooks at Computed Tomography(CT), Magnetic Resonance Imagine (MRI) and Ultrasound (US), modalities used disease and pathology diagnosis. It will look at the scientific principles. Comparing the risks and hazards associated with each modality when examining pregnant patients. Risk reduction and safety will be discussed. Scientific Principles Computed Tomography CT is cross-sectional image acquisition using the x-ray beam transmission measurements. Unlike MRI and Ultrasound, CT produces ionizing radiationRead MoreCongenital Heart Diseases ( Chds ) Essay2176 Words   |  9 Pagespresence of image degrading artifacts from implanted metal, such as intravascular stents and embolization coils; higher cost; limited availability; contraindication in imaging of patients with pacemakers and increased need for general anesthesia in younger children. MRI also takes longer than CT, possibly precluding imaging of critically ill, thermally unstable and uncooperative pediatric patients and more often requires onsite physician monitoring to assure diagnostic image quality. Finally, MRI is limited

Influencing Of Childhood Education on Wellness-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Influencing of Childhood Education on Wellness. Answer: Definition of wellness- Wellness is a multidimensional state of a human being. It is a part of positive health and includes components of life and wellbeing. Focusing on the physical aspects of health is not enough for raising children. Parents and teachers must strengthen and nurture a childs emotional health as well. It involves keeping a track on the childs emotional, physical and mental development. Role of early childhood teachers- It is believed that literacy foundation of a student is built in preschool years. Children develop skills that help them achieve success later in school and in life as well. Wellness refers to a positive state of wellbeing and health and develops from certain practices like exercising, following a nutritious diet and proper sleep (Bredekamp, 2016). Children are exposed to lifestyle programs like fun and play that enhance their health development and language skills. Teaching follows certain rigorous rules and assesses a childs strength and weakness. Development of such healthful practices in children improves their optimal mental and cognitive development and enhances their learning capabilities. Teachers are dedicated professionals, responsible for the educational and behavioral development of children. An early childhood teacher works in the setting of a classroom and tries to nurture the academic, emotional, social and physical aspects of a child (Grisham-Brown, Hemmeter Pretti-Frontczak, 2017). The teacher also strives to protect the child in absence of his/her caregiver or guardian. Preschool safety should be the top priority for a teacher. They should set up routines and rules to keep the children safe. Children are often subjected to abuse and violence in school premises. A teacher is responsible for preventing any such untoward incident by recognizing and identifying such events that create fear or anguish. They should understand the cultural orientation of all children in the class. Intervention programs based on cross-culture experience help a child to develop socially. They play an essential role in promoting the childs social and intellectual development during the formative years (from infancy to 5 years of age). Children are able to learn and promote their own wellbeing owing to their exploring nature and curiosity. Emotional and social development also helps them to build trust and attachment. Nutrition (pre-bir th and in their childhood) greatly affects the growth, wellbeing and development of children. Nutrition encompasses the association of food nutrients and their influence on the body (Kim et al., 2015). The nutritional needs are high in infants. Optimal child development and growth depends on proper balance of nutrients. Infant feeding helps them to connect with their teachers in a comfortable setting. Teachers are responsible for enhancing good feeding habits in toddlers by planning wholesome food meals for them. Wellbeing of children is also linked to their health. A teacher should have a clear understanding that a childs immune system is more susceptible to infections and is influenced by eating habits. Strategies to promote wellness in children- The Healthy, Hunger Free Kids Act and National Health and Safety Performance Standards for Child Care are some of the bills that are aimed at improving wellness of children. Teachers should follow the NAEYCs code of ethical conduct and statement of commitment to resolve the dilemmas they encounter in early childhood education. Professional commitment is the first strategy that teachers should adopt. Such a commitment helps them to develop dispositions that will promote a positive outcome in the children. They should advocate and address negative influences on children. For a successful and purposeful teaching, teachers should frame activities that help children to learn concepts and gain academically (Conroy et al., 2014). They should teach about the necessity of healthy eating, cleanliness, covering coughs to prevent germ spread and safety rules of crossing streets. Practice of these wellness messages would contribute to the childs wellbei ng. They should utilize children curriculum books, songs, literature and internet resources to promote the wellness concepts (Weiland Yoshikawa, 2013). Teachers should develop partnership skills with families and tell parents to keep a track on the childs outcomes. This partnership will help in reinforcing behaviors to develop the wellness curriculum for the child. Shortage of food affordability, under-nutrition and over-nutrition are some of the challenges that a teacher needs to identify. They should have a sound knowledge of daily intakes, food allergen, DRI (dietary reference intake), macronutrients and micronutrients and all other components, which contribute to the diet of a child. Teachers can also promote personal health of the child, teach nutrition concepts, and provide a calm feeding setting (Gordon Browne, 2013). They should identify the need of complementary foods that match the childs developmental, nutritional and physiological needs. One important strategy is creat ion of a feeding experience that will stimulate feeding relationship (Sorte, Daeschel Amador, 2016). Wholesome foods, which include vegetables, fruits, poultry, fish, meat and dairy products, should be added to the meals. They can help toddlers learn about different aspects of nutrition by exposing them to meals rich in taste and aroma; helping them in cleaning-up and encouraging them to participate in food-related activities. Poorly constructed areas, lack of safety locks in cupboards and gates, inadequate fencing, lack of adult supervision are some of the safety challenges. Rom arrangement is a way to ensure safety. Toys or furniture that can cause potential harm should be removed while formulating safety strategies (Brubacher et al., 2016). Blind spots should be identified where a child can hide. No vendors or unknown people should be allowed in the premises. Outdoor and indoor play space layout should be included in safety considerations. There are two theories proposed in rela tion to child development and behavior: James Mark Baldwins theory- James Mark Baldwin was an American psychologists and studied the mental development of a child. He observed children behavior. He stated that a sequence of stages which begin with simplest behavioral patterns of a newborn and concludes with an adults capability of abstract and reflective thinking helps children understand their social and physical worlds. He mentioned that nature and nurture are equally important in influencing a childs development. Children learn through their habits or by imitating others and form an inseparable network with their surroundings (Scheiner, 2014). Albert Banduras theory- Albert Bandura focused on imitation and observational learning as major development source for children. He explained that a childs ability to remember, think and abstract affects their learning and imitation. His revised theory states that children develop self efficacy and personal behavior standards by watching others and through feedbacks. These cognitive abilities help in guiding their response (Bandura, 2011). Importance of such contributions on wellbeing- Early childhood teachers have many roles to fulfill for a successful career. They are engaged in continuous inspection of children to ensure their safety, wellness and health (Sandseter, 2014). They are mainly responsible for promoting a comfortable and safe environment to make children feel confident in the surroundings. Well-educated teachers provide better quality programs to enhance a childs wellness. They play an important role in social and emotional development of young children. Personal efficacy, self-compassion, mindfulness are often associated with the wellbeing. Engaging children in physical and recreational activities improves their wellbeing and health spontaneously. Teachers help in building a childs intellectual abilities and offer a holistic approach to all-round development (Sorte, Daeschel Amador, 2016). They also help a child to cope with negative experiences and establish a sense of trust with their parents and peer s (Boldt et al., 2014). Demolishing inequity gaps between children from different socio-economic backgrounds help in addressing major health issues like obesity, malnutrition and irregular meal patterns. A high quality diet is needed to support development and growth of preschool children (De?Regil et al., 2013). On watching their peers eating vegetables and fruits, children develop healthy eating habits. If teachers are able to develop proper diet planning for the children, it will boost normal development and physical activity. Children gradually develop the habit of consuming nutritious food and start avoiding foods that contain saturated fats and sugar. These teachers are also involved in identifying and eliminating intoxication, infection, use of chemicals or physical agents that are hazardous for the health of the child. Monitoring practices are also responsible to preventing any form of abuse, violence or accidents. Promoting food safety ideas among children also promotes the ir health. Early education teachers also focus on partnerships with parents to ensure that the childs needs are appropriately met. When teachers built an active learning environment, it helps children to develop their learning habits. These measures adopted by the teachers also help in bringing cognitive success in a child. Creating a safe environment for children in the preschool or nursery also helps to protect them from any unwanted injuries. The safety measures adopted by teachers in the childcare facilities help in avoiding mental or physical harm or illness of the child in the care centre. The purpose of this essay was to elucidate on the role of early childhood teachers on a childs wellbeing. The essay concludes that health, safety and nutritional development are significant factors in a childs life and they are strongly influenced by the educational environment and learning experience. Teachers play an important role in building an environment, which is conducive to the childs learning. They positively nurture the health of a child, meet their nutritional needs and promote their safety. Therefore, it can be concluded that early childhood teachers provide a firm foundation that helps children attain a good life. References Bandura, A. (2011). Social cognitive theory.Handbook of social psychological theories,2012, 349-373. URL: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=0QuyCwAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PA349dq=bandura+cognitive+theoryots=-gziNxk-iKsig=9QKcfAxr0YQXvWjAd5RDLLbuiTo#v=onepageq=bandura%20cognitive%20theoryf=false Boldt, L. J., Kochanska, G., Yoon, J. E., Koenig Nordling, J. (2014). Childrens attachment to both parents from toddler age to middle childhood: Links to adaptive and maladaptive outcomes.Attachment human development,16(3), 211-229. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3997589/pdf/nihms562324.pdf Bredekamp, S. (2016).Effective practices in early childhood education: Building a foundation. Boston: Pearson. URL: https://go.galegroup.com/ps/retrieve.do?tabID=T002resultListType=RESULT_LISTsearchResultsType=SingleTabsearchType=BasicSearchFormcurrentPosition=1docId=GALE%7CA324601382docType=Book+review%2C+Brief+articlesort=RelevancecontentSegment=prodId=ITOFcontentSet=GALE%7CA324601382searchId=R2userGroupName=tafenswinPS=true Brubacher, S. P., Powell, M. B., Snow, P. C., Skouteris, H., Manger, B. (2016). Guidelines for teachers to elicit detailed and accurate narrative accounts from children.Children and Youth Services Review,63, 83-92. URL: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.02.018. URL: https://ac.els-cdn.com/S0190740916300536/1-s2.0-S0190740916300536-main.pdf?_tid=d58adf42-7db7-11e7-9213-00000aacb35dacdnat=1502361597_dc4ee31da46d80e457f594656bfd778f Conroy, M. A., Sutherland, K. S., Vo, A. K., Carr, S., Ogston, P. L. (2014). Early childhood teachers use of effective instructional practices and the collateral effects on young childrens behavior.Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions,16(2), 81-92.URL: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kevin_Sutherland/publication/258498420_Children's_Behavior_Early_Childhood_Teachers'_Use_of_Effective_Instructional_Practices_and_the_Collateral_Effects_on_Young/links/02e7e52853cb07c060000000.pdf De?Regil, L. M., Suchdev, P. S., Vist, G. E., Walleser, S., Pea?Rosas, J. P. (2013). Home fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders for health and nutrition in children under two years of age.Evidence?Based Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal,8(1), 112-201. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gunn_Vist/publication/51627604_Home_fortification_of_foods_with_multiple_micronutrient_powders_for_health_and_nutrition_in_children_under_2_years_of_age_Protocol/links/5474990b0cf29afed60f89f8/Home-fortification-of-foods-with-multiple-micronutrient-powders-for-health-and-nutrition-in-children-under-2-years-of-age-Protocol.pdf Gordon, A. M., Browne, K. W. (2013).Beginnings beyond: Foundations in early childhood education. Cengage learning. URL: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=fybDn7Zvkg4Coi=fndpg=PR7dq=Creativity+in+early+childhood+education+programots=ciRhmofuHNsig=QH1fjhHTdvJd3yOqULPHhH9cw8Q#v=onepageq=Creativity%20in%20early%20childhood%20education%20programf=false Grisham-Brown, J., Hemmeter, M. L., Pretti-Frontczak, K. (2017).Blended practices for teaching young children in inclusive settings. Brookes Publishing Company. URL: https://archive.brookespublishing.com/documents/grisham-brown-blended-practices-for-teaching-young-children-in-inclusive-settings-Ch1.pdf Kim, N. H., Kim, M. J., Park, B. I., Kang, Y. S., Hwang, I. G., Rhee, M. S. (2015). Discordance in risk perception between children, parents, and teachers in terms of consumption of cheap and poorly nutritious food sold around schools.Food Quality and Preference,42, 139-145. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950329315000300 Sandseter, E. B. H. (2014). Early childhood education and care practitioners' perceptions of children's risky play; examining the influence of personality and gender.Early child development and care,184(3), 434-449. URL: https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/37322126/Accepted_version_Perceptions_Personality_Gender.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3AExpires=1502364431Signature=5aqJrKxysE6UxSiNlD74jJ8KEfo%3Dresponse-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DEarly_childhood_Education_and_care_pract.pdf Scheiner, S. M. (2014). The Baldwin effect: neglected and misunderstood.The American Naturalist,184(4), ii-iii. URL: https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdfplus/10.1086/677944 Sorte, J., Daeschel, I., Amador, C. (2016).Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness. Pearson. Weiland, C., Yoshikawa, H. (2013). Impacts of a prekindergarten program on children's mathematics, language, literacy, executive function, and emotional skills.Child Development,84(6), 2112-2130. URL: https://www.viriya.net/jabref/impacts_of_a_prekindergarten_program_on_childrens_mathematics_language_literacy_executive_function_and_emotional_skills.pdf

Thomas Eliot Essays (1328 words) - Chapbooks,

Thomas Eliot Thomas Sterns Eliot wrote the poem "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" over a period of six years and published it circa 1917 at the ripe old age of twenty-nine. As his first published poem, ?Prufrock' revealed Eliot's original and highly developed style. Its startling jumps from rhetorical language to clich?, its indirect literary references, and its simultaneous humor and pessimism were quite new in English literature. (World Book, 236) Prufrock's quest for a life he cannot live and a question he has difficulty confronting is intriguingly played out in various aspects of his humanity. He is doing battle in all aspects of his personality, which establishes him as a neurotic character. Neurosis, as defined by the Thorndike/Barnhart World Book Dictionary, is: any one of various mental or emotional disorders characterized by depression, ("I should have been a pair of ragged claws / Scuttling across the floors of silent seas.") anxiety, ("So how should I presume? / And how should I presume? / And how should I begin? / And should I then presume?") and abnormal fears, ("Do I dare disturb the universe?"). The personality of Prufrock embodies these characteristics. The physical, mental, and spiritual aspects of his life are governed by this ailment. Its fingers entwine about his very soul, affecting every area of his consciousness. Physically aging, this thin, balding male is aware of his decaying image, thus more self-conscious and less confident. This cannot be more clearly stated than in lines 40-45: With a bald spot in the middle of my hair? (They will say: "How his hair is growing thin!") My morning coat, my collar mounting firmly to the chin, My necktie rich and modest, but asserted by a simple pin? (They will say: "But how his arms and legs are thin!") These physical insecurities prevent him from living the life he longs for by distracting him from the things that have real meaning, i.e., "Shall I part my hair behind" and "Do I dare to eat a peach?" These are petty questions that he asks to avoid the "Overwhelming question." Prufrock is consumed with these insignificant details of his life. Prufrock avoids life not only through trite physical worries, but through numerous mental labors as well. These mental labors range from imagining himself as being completely vulnerable "Like a patient etherized upon a table" to Prufrock looking at the superficiality of his life. The lines "I have measured out my life with coffee spoons", "...setting a pillow or throwing off a shawl", and "I shall wear the bottoms of my trousers rolled" show the shallowness of thought he uses to avoid coming to terms with his old age. Prufrock is a lonely man. In the poem, there is no evidence of any relationship outside of the one he has with himself. He makes references to "...restless nights in one-night cheap hotels" and "women [that] come and go." He desires intimate relationships, yet lacks the courage and self-confidence to even begin to pursue love. His humanity and dignity cannot fully be realized without it. Prufrock fancies himself to be someone who has known it all ? the evenings, the mornings, the afternoons, the eyes, the arms. His pride leads him to believe that he someone that he is not. Prufrock believes that life is superficial, but he alone is deep. He may not be Prince Hamlet, yet he is still advisor to the Prince. This is not a lowly job. He speaks highly of himself when he states " Deferential, glad to be of use, / Politic, cautious, and meticulous." Proud as he is, however, Prufrock eventually states the inevitable. He admits to being "Almost, at times, the Fool." With this confession, his pride crumbles and he surrenders to the realization of his mortality. The very next lines emphasize the gravity of this new awareness, "I grow old... I grow old..." Here lies the turning point of his worldview. Prufrock once had "Time to turn back and descend the stair," but now time is running out. Throughout the poem, Prufrock's concept of time changes. Initially, he takes time for granted: There will be time, there will be time To prepare a face to meet the faces that you meet; There will be time to murder and create, And time for all the works and days of hands That lift and drop a question on your plate; Time for you and time for me, And time yet for a hundred indecisions, And for a hundred visions and revisions, Before the taking of a

The Cultural Revolution in China essays

The Cultural Revolution in China essays The Cultural Revolution that took place in China can be considered to be one of the most important experiences of the 20th century. It represented the result of a series of contextual events that marked the emergence of the phenomenon, and in its turn, it influenced the future evolution of events, to this day. In order to proper understand the complexity of the issue, it is important to analyze the event from a historical perspective. At the same time however, although the approach is chronological, there are essential issues that must be stressed out. Therefore, the events that took place in the late 1960s and the first half of the 1970s had important internal and external causes that should be pointed out for a comprehensive perception of the historical context. Next, the logical evolution of the paper focuses on the actual manifestations of what became known as the Great Cultural Revolution. Finally, aiming to offer a complex image of the entire political, economic, social and cultural of this phenomenon, the focus is on the actual effects of the revolution on all walks of life. As a conclusion, it is important to point out the necessity of an overview from multiple perspectives. The historical context of the revolution had in fact deep rooted components that defined the historical atmosphere both after the end of the war, and prior to the May16th 1966 manifesto. There are two different perspectives that must be taken into account. On the one hand there is the matter of internal factors, and on the other, the elements that determined the phenomenon to emerge and develop from the exterior. According to some scholars, the totalitarian regime in China emerged as a reaction against the countrys political disintegration during the early part of the twentieth century. This response followed the failure of the Nationalists to build up a unified party and a reintegrated polity soon enough to withstand t...

PUBLIC LAW Master Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

PUBLIC LAW Master - Case Study Example This is more so, under envisaged conditions where there are sufficient reasons to believe that the assembly may cause damage to property and significant interruption of life, besides the risks accruing to people moving around the vicinity of the assembly. "A person who organises a public assembly and who knowingly fails to comply with a condition imposed under the section is guilty of an offence. A police officer can then arrest without warrant any person he reasonably suspects is committing any of the offences under the section" (United Kingdom. 2006). Further, if the law enforcement authorities are of the considered opinion that the purpose of the said assembly is to instil fear in the minds of the high powered Zimbabwean Government delegation, with a view to force them to do something which they are not bound by law to do, or to compel them to do an act, which is not legally enforceable on them, it is well within the jurisdiction of the law enforcement authorities to place suitable restrictions, as deemed necessary. Again, "it allows the chief officer to impose those conditions he believes necessary to prevent disorder, disruption or intimidation" (Public Order Act 1986. 2004). Restrictions as per Part II of the Act Further, under Part II of the above Act, the police chief is empowered to issue notifications restricting: 1. The Number of people, who may take part in the assembly, 2. The location of the assembly and 3. Its maximum duration. In this case it has been seen that, besides restricting the maximum number of people participating in the Assembly to 20, the notice serves also on relocating the Assembly at least 5 miles from GDXS plc's main gates and restricting the duration of the assembly to 2 hours. Since provisions for these regulatory measures have been delineated in the Act, they could be enforceable through the process of law. Under law, "individuals may so or do whatever they please provided they do not transgress the substantive law or infringe the legal rights of others. We are free to do everything except that which we are forbidden to do by law" (Wadham 2003). Human Rights transgression: However, the chief constable has also added two more regulations which are outside the ambit of this Act and they are, that, there should be no public speeches criticising the Government of Zimbabwe, and, in the event of any counter demonstration, or hostility shown towards ProD, the Simpson District Police reserve the right to cancel the demonstration immediately. Therefore, it is well within the jurisdiction of the ProD and its President, Mr. Geoff Edwards to challenge these decisions of the Chief Constable, seeking the right to bar freedom of expression on the part of ProD, and its activists, and also the right to revoke the demonstration. Article 10 of the Human Rights Act, 1998, governs the right of free expression. Under it, it gives" a very important right to hold opinions and express your views singly or in dialogue." Under this Act, the meaning of expression also entails, inter alia, the right to get data from others and also the capacity to express oneself, especially in front of an assembly. (A Guide to

Hardware and Software Specifications Table Assignment

Hardware and Software Specifications Table - Assignment Example But, the need and want of executives to have latest technology on their desk on a consistent basis makes middle and technological management of the company to search for the best alternative and they do not have the option and luxury to misfire because top dollars of the company are usually at the stake in these kinds of matters. Therefore, they always search the local and international market for suitable and reasonable piece of technology that has the power and ability to serve multiple needs and wants of the senior-child of the company. The world of technology is changing rapidly and due to this reason, the companies attempt to acquire latest technology in order to minimize their obsolesce costs in the long run prospective. Nevertheless, it is a common but wrongly enforced belief that the machine that has all the state of the art components is the best. The abovementioned statement is illogical because in most number of cases, we do not require a heuristic machine in all dimension s and we ought to focus on the essentials. The plan that we are going to develop is going to value the essentials and invest in them as well. But, when it comes to nonessentials and luxuries then, we should opt for least expensive items in order to sponsor both efficiency and effectiveness. The technological solution that we are going to propose will sport state of the art video conferencing infrastructure and video cards with a wide screen laptops so that our President and his team should never face a problem in screen viewing while tele communicating. The company’s administration has decided to buy an array of products that can be resold at a reasonable price so that the company can recover some percentage of the cost of items’ depreciation. Moreover, the basic and fundamental purpose of the newly acquired technological intervention is to provide the executive with swift and reliable internet connectivity and experience. The paramount importance will be given to mana ge the cost and benefit of the product so that the notion of efficiency and effectiveness will be well served. Additionally, the focal point of the buying and installing new equipment in the President’s office is a challenge to say the least because it has to conform to the requirements of President’s job while it should also be according to his liking in majority of its features. The man in question is a practicality oriented one and therefore, he always values productivity over showoffs and unproductive investments. Nonetheless, the company’s technical management will look to get a powerful device whose ability to conduct and support video conferencing must be excellent and the price dimension must also be reasonable. The idea is to strike a balance cost and benefit of the product reasonably. Table 1 Hardware Components Input Devices Attributes Associated Org. need Keyboard The standardized laptops featured soft keyed keyboards Create and edit documents in MS office Mouse The company will use external mouse because they are user friendly Create and edit documents in MS office Scanner The state of the art Laser scanners will be acquired Sending documents via emails and saving documents in pdf Digital Camera The 5.0 megapixel cameras will be purchased To take

How can Ebola affect us Essay Example for Free

How can Ebola affect us Essay Imagine being isolated from your own family and feeling unsure as to whether or not you will ever see them again. They do not want to come anywhere near you, for you are a threat to their health. The only visitors who come within 10 feet of you are strangers in full on protective gear. They do not want to expose the slightest bit of skin to you and you cannot see anything besides their eyes. The world fears what you are and no one wants to come close to you. You know death is near, and you are all alone. You can see the mountain of corpses outside the wiry mesh window of your facility, being burnt and thrown into mass graves, and you know that you will soon be joining them. This is the life of an Ebola victim.. In the year 1976, Ebola climbed out of its unknown hiding place, and caused the death of 280 out of the 318 people who got infected. That’s an 88% fatality rate. Fear gripped the victims, and tortured their minds. The people of Zaire waited outside clinics, churches and in their homes for a treatment of the horrible disease, but there was no cure. They were forced to watch people die, hoping that they would be saved from the violent death of the Ebola virus. From the year of 1976 till today, researchers have searched for origin and cure of the virus. Scientist have carried out numerous studies and investigations, but no one has been able to find the right explanations. There have been many others out breaks in the past but 2014/15’s outbreak has claimed more lives than all of these other outbreaks together, with a staggering 8386 death and counting. It has also spread between countries starting in Guinea then spreading across land borders to Sierra Leone calming 3,049 lives and Liberia causing 3,515 deaths and to to Nigeria causing 8 deaths. It is believed that the Ebola  virus may have initially been transmitted to humans from bats, and other forms of bush meat like monkeys ect.. fro m the jungles in central Africa, i know it must sount crazy to you to hear that some people eat monkeys but In some remote areas of Africa it is part of their culture and their way of life. In Africas Congo Basin, people eat an estimated five million tonnes of bush meat per year. The reason that bush meat is so deadly is because some animals mostly bats, can be a host to specific diseases without being harmed, were as us humans cannot carry these diseases without becoming infected. When a person contracts Ebola they will start to feel the symptoms within the next 2-21 days. The symptoms of Ebola are very distinctive and deadly. If you were to contract Ebola, your experience would be horrific you would start to get bad stomach pains, but it would just be passed off as a common bug. after that they would then start to amplify in pain until they would wake you up from your sleep, which would be followed by chronic vomiting. Anything you ate would come back up. These symptoms would continue for a few days then you would start to lose weight at an extreme rate. Chest pains would now accompany the stomach aches, by this time you would be very weak with virtually no food in your body due to the vomiting and your teeth would start to fall out while you would develop a bloody rash and you would die days later after horrific suffering. But those are just the side effects of what’s really happening in your body. Ebola attacks every organ and all of the tissue in the human body except the bones. You develop blood clots under the skin. Your organs turn to mush and the under layers of your skin die and liquefy; this is what causes the bloody bubbly rash. These things actually happen to Ebola patients every day. Ebola is a very contagious disease; this is why Ebola victims have to be kept contained in hospitals and treatment facilities. When it comes to transmission doctors take cleaning themselves after being in contact with an infected person very seriously. Ebola is transmitted through the passing of boldly fluids, which means if you get fluids from an infected person’s body onto your skin, you should be okay; but we as humans are constantly rubbing our eyes and eating with our hands so this means that we are still giving the Ebola parasite a chance to enter our body. At the moment there is no cure or vaccination for Ebola. Experiments however are taking place to find  a vaccination using antibodies of Ebola survivors. This is possible because like any other disease like small pocks and the chicken pox, one you have survived Ebola u become immune to it. Scientists are trying to figure out how to copy this into a vaccination. Most people in the uk think that they are completely safe from the disease, and at the moment yes they are. It is extremely unlikely that Ebola at the moment could reach the uk and spread like wildfire. However, every person in West Africa, Sierra Leone, Liberia ect that gets infected with Ebola provides it with an opportunity to grow and mutate, if not stopped it will eventually maybe in the next year, maybe in the next 10 years become air born. This means that even breathing near an Ebola patient will give u the disease. Once air born it will travel the world and could patiently kill a large percentage of the earth’s population. Including you. I hope now you can see why Ebola need stop be stopped. Thanks for listening

Magical Realism: Theory and History :: Magical Realism Literature Papers

Magical Realism: Theory and History While reading Franz Roh, Angel Flores, Amaryll Chanady, and Luis Leal, I have learned many things about magical realism. I also learned that there are many different definitions for magical realism. I have learned that magical realism is not considered a fairy tale. Amaryll Chanady feels that magical realism is focused more toward reality. However, Luis Leal feels that magical realism is used to express emotions. While reading these essays and finding some research on magical realism, I found that many people have many different views on what magical realism is. By doing research, I have found that it can mean many different things, and it is exciting to learn about something as interesting as magical realism is. Learning about magical realism has been very interesting for me. When reading Franz Roh, I learned a lot about Post- Expressionism and Expressionism. Expressionism involved a painting. It involved animals walking in the sky, and it also showed heated heads popped like corks from overflowing bottles, while Post- Expressionism dealt with painting and pictures with frames (Roh 16-17). On the other hand, Angel Flores was a little hard fro me to understand at first. I found myself asking questions such as "Will I understand what I am reading?" "Is this going to make sense to me?" "What am I suppose to see in this American Fiction?" I did learn that magical realism has to deal with fantasies written in Spanish (Flores 110-111). Then looking at Amaryll Chanady, I learned that Flores stated that, "practitioners of magical realism clings to reality as if to prevent their myth from flying off, as in fairy tales, to supernatural realism." Luis Leal also has many different opinions toward magica l realism. However, I did not agree with a few of them. I did understand and agreed with a few, though. In Luis Leal's essay, I learned that Roh explained the origin of the term by saying that with the word "magical," as opposed to "mystical," he wanted to emphasize that the mystery does not descend to the represented world, but rather hides and palpitates behind it (120-121). I agreed with what he wanted to emphasize. It was also mentioned that magical realism is not magic literature. Magical realism is used to express emotions not to evoke them (120-121). I feel that magical realism is definitely used to express emotions, not to evoke them.

Host Country Political and Legal Environment Affect of Airasia

COMPANY AIRASIA Content a. Introduction b. Company bibliography c. Entry mode to international market (through exporting, joint venture, franchising, licensing, etc) d. How do the international market / culture, management styles and business system affect the company performance? Do they have to adjust / alter their product or services to fit with the host country market needs? How does the company face the competition? e. How does a host country political and international legal environment or trade barrier affect the Malaysian companies in their international marketing activities?Bagaimana sebuah negara tuan rumah persekitaran politik dan antarabangsa undang-undang atau perdagangan halangan menjejaskan syarikat-syarikat Malaysia dalam aktiviti pemasaran antarabangsa mereka? Bagaimana sebuah negara persekitaran politik dan undang2 antarabangsa memberi kesan kepada syarikat Malaysia dalam aktiviti pemasaran antarabangsa mereka? f. SWOT analysis of the company in term of their 4 Ps ( product, price, promotion and place) g. Any others additional information h. Conclusion i. References a,b,h – part 1 c – part 2 d – part 3 e – part 4(fathi) – part 5 each person choose one to do it n leave a comment which part u all do yea†¦ tq BUS 488 Strategy – T01 Question 1 AirAsia, which is one of the earliest low cost carriers (LCC) in Asia, has become a LCC since 2001. So far, it has expanded its network from Malaysia to Thailand to Singapore, Macau and even the Mainland China in 2006. In short, Air Asia â€Å"jumped out† from an intra-Malaysia and Thailand market to a â€Å"real Air Asia† in the continent. Thus, what are the possible core competencies to ensure that there is quantum leap to success?The internal analysis on the company below will answer the question. Resources, Capabilities & Core Competencies Analysis a)Accounting Ratio Analysis In 2004, Air Asia’s earnings margin before interest and taxes ( 16. 8), return on capital employed (14. 6) and return on equity (37. 7) accounting ratios were above the industry average – 14. 5 is the industry average for earnings margin, 11. 6 for return on capital employed and 21. 2 for return on equity. This above average results indicates that the company has been managed well and thus is able to achieve high above-average returns.The increase in current ratio from 1. 24 (US$49. 206 million / US$39. 643 million)to 5. 60 (US$230. 024 million / US$41. 099 million) also serves as a confident booster to investors and shareholders in that Air Asia’s solvency had strengthened and thus is able to fulfill its debt obligations. In fact, the debt-to-asset ratio in the last 5 years was low and decreasing too. As a matter of fact, in 2005, it was merely 0. 14, which was comparatively lower than many low cost carriers. b) Finance Resources Air Asia’s net profit ending Jun 2005 was reported US$29. million, a 126%increase year-on-year. The end of June 2005 financial summary showed that Air Asia, the leading low cost airline in Asia, had a huge reserve (bank and cash balances) of US$86. 6million. This is the company’s strength as very few low cost airlines of similar size have such large reserves. With such huge reserves and low debt-to-asset ratio, Air Asia is thus capable of generating internal funds to finance any expansion. It is certainly Air Asia’s strength. c)Organization Design and Organizational ResourcesAir Asia’s organizational structure is rather simple and flat as it involves a group of staff in the company reporting to one manager. This serves Air Asia well as the  business requires a structure with fewer levels of management so as to achieve more consistency and cost reduction. In addition, the cost leadership strategy that the company adopted also allows Air Asia to focus more intensely on areas such as in/out-bound logistics, operations, marketing, services and customers. Th is in turn helps to create synergy and capability to deliver the full spectrum of low cost carrier business. ) Physical Resources Despite having a large fleet of Boeing 737 aircraft for operation, Air Asia still continues to invest heavily. This includes the acquisition of more fuel-efficient aircraft (A320) so that the company can have sufficient capacity to meet the growing needs and demands of their customers as well as to continue to keep its cost low. The new aircraft can lower fuel usage by about 12%, an important cost saving, as fuel accounted for  almost 50% of the total operating costs for the company over a period of time. ) Technological Resources Air Asia was the first airline in Southeast Asia to utilize e-ticketing so that traditional travel agents can be bypassed. This implementation saves the cost of issuing  physical tickets and eliminates the need for large and expensive booking and reservation systems. To further exploit technologies, AirAsia made it possible for customers to  purchase tickets either from post offices or designated bank teller (ATM) machines.In short, Air Asia's strength is also about the ability to leverage on technologies well and ahead of its competitors to increase sales and lower costs. Human Resources Management Although the employees were not unionized and the salaries offered by the company were below those of its rivals, AirAsia is still able to keep its work force motivated by providing a remuneration policy that is competitive and attractive. For  instance, all employees are offered a wide range of incentives that includes productivity and performance-based bonuses, offer of shares or stock options.To provide further  aircrew and cabin incentives, AirAsia also adopted a sector pay policy that gives extra incentives and thus this resulted in the company needing fewer crews per flight (106 per  aircraft) as compared to other low-cost airlines (110 per aircraft). All these efforts not only helped to impro ve productivity, it also further strengthened employer-employee relationships. In summary, human resource management, particularly the ability to motivate and improve productivity of the staff is surely Air Asia’s strength. g) Innovation Resources and Product DevelopmentSo far, AirAsia has managed to design its aircraft cabins that can minimize wear  and tear, cleaning time and cost. This innovative work allows for quicker turnarounds  between flights and helps increase revenues. In addition, AirAsia is also able to leverage on innovative ideas to derive substantial ancillary revenues from additional services. For  instance, the companies also have their own branded credit card and offers corporate travel services. Consequently, it also develops aircraft advertising by converting its planes into â€Å"flying billboards†.The ability to innovate and come up with unique innovations to lower  costs and increase revenues shows that AirAsia possesses substantial qual ity innovation resources that are valuable. h) Reputational Resources Air Asia’s success has been widely recognized. For instance, in 2003, it was named the â€Å"Developing Airline of the Year† (by Air finance Journal) and the â€Å"Asia Pacific Airline of the Year† (by Centre for Asia Pacific Aviation, CAPA). In 2004 and 2005, the company also won several prestigious awards. Similarly, the company’s CEO, Tony Fernandez has also won several recognitions.Most notably, the International Herald Tribune listed Mr. Tony Fernandez in its Visionaries and Leadership series in 2003. Hewas consequently named the â€Å"Asia Pacific Aviation Executive of the Year† in 2004 and2005 (by CAPA) and is one of the 25 stars of Asia (by Business week). With just 3 years into operations, AirAsia managed to be listed publicly in  November 2004 with support from bankers and venture capitalists. AirAsia was subsequently named as one of the â€Å"Best Newly Listed Compa nies† and Asia’s â€Å"Best Managed Company in the Airlines and Aviation Sector by Euro money after its IPO.Given the positive perceptions of Air Asia’s reputation, the brand name is certainly the company’s strengths. i)Risk Management In general, the types of risks AirAsia faces include: (1) pure risk; (2) price risk; and (3) credit risk. AirAsia purchased insurance policies to mitigate pure risk although it is done and operated a bit differently as it adopts an integrated approach risk management that goes beyond the traditional parameters of what is insurable. For instance, when AirAsia purchases insurance any policies to insure against pure risk, it also makes a conscious effort to acquire them at a much lower rate lower than other LCCs.In addition, to mitigate price risk, AirAsia hedged fuel prices at US$42 a barrel for the first half of  2005, which was substantially lower than the price per barrel of US$70 in the late 2005. AirAsia has little exp osure to credit risk as it does not lend money to any external parties. Better still, customers who wish to purchase their air tickets need to make payment almost immediately upon booking. Hence, this eliminates credit risk totally. So far, Air Asia’s holistic approach to risk management effectively is viewed favorably by its stakeholders most of the time, especially the shareholders. ) Logistics This involves all areas of receiving, storing of inputs when producing outputs. So far, AirAsia only operates on a single type of aircraft, the Boeing 737-300. Based on a Report published by Aero Connections in 2004, that particular model was the best selling commercial jet of all times due to its efficiency and cost effectiveness. AirAsia also has1382 employees and they received proper on-the-job training workshops so that they can  perform multiple roles effectively within a simple and flat organization structure. ) Operations It processes inputs to provide valuable products/serv ices. AirAsia has always been stringent about standards and procedures. AirAsia is aware that maintaining its passenger  safety is of paramount importance – as indicated in the surveys in the United States and Japan. Based on the company’s 2003 annual report, AirAsia had joined ventures with GE Engine Services for a business alliance that allows the latter to be in charge of  maintaining all Air Asia’s aircraft engines in the next five years.AirAsia had also managed to achieve good operating benchmarks in terms of flights on time and baggage handling where in 2004, the company registered 88% and 99. 9% respectively. c) Outbound Logistics This involves delivering products/services into a distribution channel or to the final destination. As of late 2005, AirAsia operated 32 Boeing 737 aircraft that run over  60 routes across Southeast Asian regional network. Not only that, its aircraft interiors is also outfitted with signature red carpeting and plush leathe r seats to enable its guests to travel comfortably.In addition, it was also reported in prominent journals and magazines such as ABJ and AWM that many customers felt that Air Asia’s cabin crew demonstrated  professionalism when carrying out their duties on air. d)Marketing and Sales It involves all activities that inform customers about their products/services; including those that induce and facilitate customers in making purchases. So far, AirAsia has promoted its company without incurring high sales and marketing expenses. For  instance, its CEO Tony Fernandez always wears a red AirAsia baseball cap in any of his interviews.His well thought out statements often reinforce Air Asia’s positioning as a small entrant firm battling against giant industry incumbents that also offer low prices. As such, when required, it also invested heavily and so far, its major sponsorships included  being the â€Å"Official Low Fare Airline† for football giant Manchester Un ited. This deal involved global sponsorship and advertising. e)Service AirAsia is one of the few airlines that had the shortest turnaround time, around 25minutes as opposed to 45 to 120 minutes recorded by other airlines. Hence, this allows AirAsia to benefit from conducting more flights a day.Besides that, AirAsia emphasizes lot on maintaining a high quality service to all its passengers such as punctuality rate and excellent baggage-handling performance t o determine whether AirAsia has any core competencies (sustainable competitive advantages), the company’s capabilities are assessed based on the four criteria – valuable, rare, difficult to imitate and non-substitutable. The evaluation results so far revealed that two core competencies below:(1) The possession of tacit knowledge to build a business by leveraging on new technologies (internet). 2) The religious zeal to cost-avoidance coupled with tacit knowledge to build extremely efficient processes to enable it to execute its business model (low cost). Success Factors of AirAsia As AirAsia continues to compete with other LCC (both existing and new) in Asia which also may adopt low-cost strategy, what have to remember and realize that the way customers differentiate them from their competitors will be strictly on â€Å"fare† and reputation. As the saying goes, â€Å"the lower the price, the higher the load factor†. As such, Air Asia’s success is based on the following key factors: )Cost Effectiveness AirAsia puts very strong emphasis on lowering all avoidable costs so that it can continue to provide low fares and yet remain profitable. This means the company has to cut the cost of flight operation by flying to and from airports that offer cheaper take-off  and landing fees. Besides that, passengers also were not provided with meals and entertainment as well as amenities such as pillows and blankets. AirAsia has also designed its aircraft cabins that minimize wear and tea r as well as cleaning time so that cost associated to these areas can be lowered.The better designed cabins also resulted in lower loading and unloading costs as things got done faster which in turn leads to better turn around time. Last but not least, to ensure cost effectiveness, AirAsia reconfigured the seating configurations of its Boeing 737 aircraft to increase seats from 132 to 148 and has thus far operated with only a single-class service. b) Efficiency and Productivity By using a ticket-less online booking system, staff that are properly trained to  perform multiple roles as well as aircraft cabins that reduce cleaning ime, AirAsia greatly enhances it operations efficiency and productivity, which is a very important of  the cost leadership strategy. However, it should be noted that the cost leadership strategy works on the lowest costs, not necessarily the lowest price in the market. As the lowest cost operator, AirAsia is able to continue to survive in a price war as i ts low-cost positions a valuable defense against any rivals. c) Reliability AirAsia also chose more consistently secondary and regional airport destinations instead of busy and congested main airports.Generally, less busy airports can be expected to provide higher rates of on-time departures. Besides, without the need to load and unload any cargoes, the turnaround time of an aircraft can be reduced greatly –  AirAsia clocked the regions fastest turnaround time at only 25 minutes. As a result, travelers can expert and look forward to more frequent and puncture flights. D) Higher Frequency of Service Predominantly, AirAsia offers point-to-point flights on short-haul routes – less than 4 hours flight time. The company is also able to achieve higher plane utilization due to short turnaround time and as mentioned point-to-point routes.The ability to provide higher frequency service to justify the smaller capacity of a LCC is another key to Air Asia’s success. In so me instances, such high frequency of services can also attract  business travelers since most of the time they are able to save time and catch their  connecting flights on time All the success factors mentioned above explain Air Asia’s success. However, it should also be noted that Air Asia’s zealous approach in preaching cost avoidance in every aspect of  administration and operations is the key in sustaining a low-cost culture since its operation in2001.AirAsia also has been particularly effective at implementing the various measures and thus it continues to survive and prosper till today. Question 2 The construct of cost leadership strategy emphasizes on lowest costs, though not necessarily the lowest price, in the market. A firm pursuing a cost-leadership strategy needs to gain a competitive advantage primarily by reducing its economic costs below its competitors. To achieve this, the strategic actions must thus reduce costs and improve productivity. With thi s in mind, let us discuss how the following strategic actions adopted by AirAsia support its cost leadership strategy.A) Low Fare, No Frills Air Asia’s intense focus on providing air travel with no frills leads to substantial costs saving. The absence of in-flight services reduced pre-flight preparations such as the loading of food and drinks, cleaning time and the cost of meals and administration. Investment in kitchens and equipment for storing, heating and serving of meals can be avoided all together. B) Investment in Latest Technologies ; Efficient Operations AirAsia has heavily invested in purchasing the most modern aircraft A-320s.The new aircraft allow AirAsia to enjoy substantial lower fuel cost as these modern airplanes had lower fuel usage by as much as 12%. Fuel accounted for almost 50% of the total operating costs and thus it is an important component of cost saving for AirAsia. By operating a single aircraft type allows AirAsia to achieve efficiency in executing its primary and secondary activities. Consequently, this leads to higher  productivity which in turn allows the company the option to expand their operations with the same number of employees and right size its manpower requirement. Improved  productivity means more revenue for AirAsia.The extreme drive to achieve high efficiency in operations allows AirAsia to clock the fastest turnaround time of 25 minutes. This invariably leads to comparatively  better productivity as the company was able to utilize its aircraft for an average of 13hours per day as opposed to 10. 5 hours by other airlines. Again, improved productivity means more revenue for AirAsia. c)Low Fixed Costs Air Asia’s ability to acquire low rates for long-term maintenance contracts and aircraft leases led to substantial cost savings. It was reported that Air Asia’s average contractual lease charge per aircraft decreased by more han 60% from 2001 to 2004. Similarly, its aircraft maintenance contract c osts were also reported to be substantially lower than any other airlines. In view of the airline’s high safety and maintenance standards, AirAsia was also able to procure favorable rates on its insurance policies. All these help lower fixed costs. d)Lean Distribution System The use of e-ticketing helps to save the cost of issuing hardcopy tickets, which were estimated at US$10 per ticket. The company also saved on agents’ commissions’ and avoided the need for large and expensive booking and reservation systems. This too helps lower the overall costs. ) Minimize Personnel Expenses AirAsia implemented flexible work rules and streamlined administrative functions which allowed employees to perform multiple roles. This human resource policy facilitated AirAsia in lowering its personnel costs. In 2004, it was reported that AirAsia had the lowest staff-to-per aircraft ratio (106 staff per aircraft as compared to 110employees per aircraft registered by other low cost c arriers) and this helps lower staff  cost. f)Use of Secondary Airports Typically, AirAsia operates out of secondary airports, which involve lower  landing, parking and ground handling fees.These airports were also less busy and had shorter runways, thus helped reduce fuel consumption while aircraft queue for takeoff or  taxi on the ground. As many secondary airports were older, they were often close to urban areas and were thus more attractive to some travelers. In short, the use of  secondary airports can increase sales and help to keep operating costs low The ability to lower cost and at the same time widen profit margin (through increase  productivity) augurs well with AirAsia’s cost leadership strategy.This provides AirAsia the options to either lower its prices and gain market share and sales from rivals or keep its prices at  present market level and make more profit for every unit sold. This inevitably helps AirAsia in its defense against aggressive competi tions especially when it comes to price war from strong rivals Question 3 The PESTL Analysis and the Porter Model provide an overall analysis of the operating environment that AirAsia competes in. Also, the analysis of low cost carriers (LCC) industry reveals that it is so concentrated that intense competition is inevitable.However, amidst the challenges faced, there are still plenty of opportunities for AirAsia to explore and exploit. PESTL Analysis – Macro Environment a)Economics Asia’s rapid economic growth and sprouting middle class continues to fuel the growth of air travel in Asia. This growth in air travel was also due to the region having geographically dispersed countries with large population, a rapid increase in trade and tourism as well as the respective government investments in their airports, airlines and travel infrastructure.Although rapid growth and increased trade and businesses may intensify competition (entrance of other LCCs) and even lead to full -service airlines start cut costs to complete, it can present opportunities for airlines to enlarge their markets. Of  late, projections by economists had placed Asia at the top of global economy growth charts in the coming years. b)Political/ Legal Government policies are important drives for the success of Asia. In the late1990s, there was increase privatization and deregulation of the airline industry in Asia.It was noticeable that some Asian countries established open-skies agreements while others allowed the entry of private airlines. For instance, in 1997, a few LLC spouted quickly after Malaysia signed an â€Å"open-skies† agreement with the United States. Hence, it appears that although the travel market will be expanded, in reality AirAsia would also have to operate in a more challenging environment with intense competitions. As of 2006, governments’ intervention and regulation remained substantial.For  instance, although Thai AirAsia managed to launch its services between Singapore and Thailand in 2004 successfully, the company still could not expand beyond the Singapore-Thailand routes because it could not acquire landing rights elsewhere. c)Social-Cultural Surveys revealed that more people were willing to compromise on food and other  services in exchange for lower prices. In fact, it was stated that price of tickets was the single most important consideration that influenced passengers’ decisions and of course this included without having to compromise on safety and punctuality.In addition, increasingly over the years cost conscious leisure and business passengers were also looking to make their budgets decrease further. This presents an opportunity for all LCCs to increase their revenues by offering travelling at a much lower fare. d) Demographic In 2005, the total population in Asia stands at more than 3. 5 billion. The United  Nations’ statistics also show that Asia has an astonishing demographic dividend â⠂¬â€œ where more than 35% of its population is below the age of 25 and more than 55% hovers below the age of 35.This indirectly means that the increasing large population of the middle age group equates to a larger working age population with more disposable income and thus the likelihood of more business and leisure travels is almost confirmed. This thus presents another golden opportunity for AirAsia. e)Technological New services such as Internet Telephony and the increase in the use of  telecommunications services (such as buying air tickets online) provide AirAsia with the opportunity to leverage on new technologies to increase their sales.In addition, e-commence and internet-based activities (such as online holiday and hotel reservations)are other areas where AirAsia can derived ancillary revenues from. Better still, in some instances, technology advancements also means having opportunities to reduce operation costs such as savings on commissions for travel agents – Ai rAsia was the first to do so However, amidst these benefits and cost saving, AirAsia must be mindful that system disruption due to heavily reliance on online sales can pose serious threat to the company. Analysis of the Industry In 2004, the airline industry flew 1. billion passengers, of which about 30% were in Asia. Airline traffic in Asia is projected to grow at 7. 1% annually for the next 5 years and more than triple in the next 20 years. Given Air Asia’s strong presence in the region, this presents vast opportunities to enlarge the company’s market shares. The Airline businesses are closely linked to economic activities in Asia and the world. As such, AirAsia needs to be cognizant with the business cycle so that it can to take full advantage of such effects especially when there are changes in discretionary income and consumer  spending patterns.AirAsia also needs to be mindful that increase in demand of fuel and limited supply can lead to higher fuel price that decrease yield. Last but not least, the impact of crisis such as 9/11 (2001) and SARS outbreak (2003) was able to hit the airline industry badly and as such they continue to pose serious threat to airlines. Analysis of Competitive Forces – Porter’s Five Forces Analysis a)Threat of Substitute Products The possibility threat of substitutes is moderately low; since there are several other substitutes such as cruises, rails, buses and cars.However, the archipelago geographical structure of Asia made air travel the most viable, efficient and convenient mode of transportation which is a surplus for AirAsia b) Power of Buyers The power of buyer is high due to almost no switching cost for customers to switch from one LCC to another. In addition, the access to the internet also allows customers to have all the information on prices charged by the different LCCs. c)Power of Suppliers The supplier has an upper hand (high power) due to limited number of suppliers(only Boeing and Airbus). d)Threat of New EntrantsThreat of new entrants is moderately low as the entry into the industry requires high capital. Moreover, the industry is also highly regulated since every potential entrant is required to obtain approval from the civil aviation authority of the particular country  before the company is allowed to be operated. e)Intensity of Rivalry Industry rivalry is moderately high due to competition and high exit cost. Nonetheless, market participants understand and realize that price war is destructive for  them and thus they tend to avoid direct price competition to make themselves ‘friendly ‘competitors.Stakeholder Management Air Asia’s stakeholders can be divided into capital market stakeholders (shareholders and major suppliers of capital e. g. banks and venture capitalists), product market stakeholders(primary customers, suppliers and host communities) and organizational stakeholders (employers and managers). Air Asia’s stellar performance since its establishment in 2001 has brought value to its shareholders since they were receiving positive returns from the day of the company’s inception to recent time 2005.Between 2001 and 2004, AirAsia enjoyed a compound average growth of  45% for sales and 407% for net income as well as cash flow positive from the time it began its operations. All these inevitably increase the value of investments significantly. This probably explains why AirAsia has always enjoyed strong support from banks and venture capitalists when the CEO took the company public in November 2004. AirAsia satisfies its customers by offering low fares without having to compromise to quality and service. This helps to attract new customers as well as retain existing ones.In order  to ensure that all specific needs are met, the company’s key staffs travel regularly to mingle with the host communities so that they understand them better. This has facilitated Air Asia’s aggress ive expansion and resounding success in the regional markets – which include Thailand and Indonesian over a short span of time. For instance, Air Asia’s joint venture with Shin Corporation to launch its new LLC achieved immediate success. In just 3 days of operations, it sold more than 20,000 seats on domestic routes.This speaks well of Air Asia’s ability to meet (or  even exceed) the expectations of its customers. Besides that, AirAsia also strives to build strong relationship with its suppliers. For  instance, although the company operates 737 aircraft that were built by Boeing, it also acquired the new A320 aircraft from Airbus. In this way the company establishes good relationship with the two and only civil airliner suppliers and hopefully through these good mutual dealings, the  power of these suppliers can be further reduced.The company also strives to maintain good relationship with other suppliers that provide aircraft maintenance and airport serv ices. This  probably also explain why AirAsia is able to get lower rates from them. As a staff of the AirAsia team, he/she gets to enjoy highly competitive and attractive remuneration packages. These include productivity and performance-based bonuses, shares and stock options. In summary, with the capability and flexibility provided by above-average returns, AirAsia is able to satisfy multiple stakeholders more easily Marketing ; Customer SegmentationAlthough AirAsia invests aggressively in marketing where required, it generally adopts creativity and yet low-cost advertising so as to keep cost low. For instance, to keep cost low, AirAsia commonly advertises and promotes through the host country newspapers as well as internet website as they are generally cheap. Like all other LCCs, AirAsia also positions itself as an airline that provides short-route ferry for non-business and price-conscious business  passengers as shown in Diagram 2 . This means that competition is intense and increasing as new  players join in Competitors AnalysisBased on a report about major Asian budget airlines that Airline Business produced, onlytwo LCCs, Bangkok Airways and Lion Air, share almost similar markets as AirAsia in terms of  market commonality. Their tangible and intangible resources are also comparable to that of  AirAsia. With that, based on the competitor analysis framework appended in Diagram 3 , Bangkok Airways and Lion Air fall in ‘quadrant I’ and thus are considered as close competitors of AirAsia. Technically, any firm or competitors in ‘quadrant I’ will use their similar resource  portfolios to compete against each other.This lead to the conclusion that Bangkok Airways and Lion Air modeled in ‘quadrant I’ are direct competitors of AirAsia. In contrast, the other airlines such as Value Air and Tiger Airways modeled in ‘quadrant IV’ share few markets although they all possess comparable resources. As such , these airlines do not directly pose as strong rivalry to AirAsia at this point in time. As of now, AirAsia will have to compete with Bangkok Airways and Lion Air which have entered the market since 2000/2001.As they also adopt the low-cost strategy, the only way customers can differentiate them from their competitors would be on the airfare charges. In order  to maintain or increase the load factor, any of these companies may consider lowering fare prices to achieve their objectives. However, if this happens, the profit margin of the remaining players will be compressed and the weak one may be drove out of the market (also known as the vicious cycle). In Malaysia, Air Asia’s main airline competitor is Malaysia Airlines (MAS) which offers a full range of services.Although MAS had an ambivalent reaction to Air Asia’s entry into the airline industry, it also reacted to the competition by offering fares at 50% discounts on some its domestic routes. Although the ‘ attack’ was not successful (MAS eventually lost about 30% of its market share), it proves that any airlines that provide full services can be a threat to AirAsia. Moving forward, it is expected that acquisition and merger will happen in the market until equilibrium is reached. When this takes place, only a few strong players with sound cost-controlling and profitable business model will exist and succeed.In other words, AirAsia can expect to face stiff competition in time to come even though market participants understand that  price war is destructive and thus will try to avoid any direct price competition. A short summary on the possible opportunities and threats are appended in the table  below. From the analysis of AirAsia, it can be deduced that the operating environment immoderately competitive and filled with minimum uncertainties – which means that the company has to prepare themselves well during good times.However, amidst the challenges, there are still m any opportunities for AirAsia to explore and exploit so that it continues to lead and be the most  profitable LCC in Asia. Amik kt dekstop-airasia Question 4 AirAsia has been soaring success. Starting with two planes bought from a Malaysian conglomerate in late 2001, the company had expanded it to 32 by the end of 2005. During the same year, the aggressive expansion also resulted in an extensive Southeast Asian regional network of 60 routes. For sure, the large, untapped market and Air Asia’s model would ensure its future success. a)Conducive Environment for GrowthThe major macro environment factors suggest a very conducive environment for  the growth of low cost carriers (LCC) in Asia. According to TWA (Dec 2003), it mentioned that in Asia â€Å"the demographic fundamentals of large populations that include rising middle classes with increasing leisure time and disposable incomes as well as the lack of competitive forms of transportation, paint an extremely encouraging demand  Ã‚  picture in the long run† . Furthermore, a study by the Centre for AP (2002) confirmed that Asia would continue to offer attractive conditions for the air transportation industry.It estimated that Asia would account for 30% of the world market by 2020 or one third of  growth between now and then. The archipelago geographical structure of Asia continent is also an important contributing factor to the growth of air transportation. For example, between East and West Malaysia, there is no other viable and efficient mode of transportation other than to commute by air. As a matter of fact, in mid-2005, eight budget airlines were operating in Southeast Asia and there were predictions that there would be as many as 20 such airlines  by 2012.Although terrorism and SARS do impact on air travel, the long run forecast is very positive. b)Strong Finance Resource The company has been profitable from the start. It has a huge bank and cash  balances of US$86. 7 million, wit h no loans and borrowings as of 30 June 2005. Its profit margins of 38% (before interests, taxes, depreciation and amortization) were among the highest in the world for LCC. According to a report by CSS (2005), it was deduced that AirAsia would continue to be profitable in 2006.This probably explained why in 2004,  bankers and venture capitalists had provided funds to help the company got listed despite the airline industry was being badly affected by SARS. In short, a strong finance resource is vital for growth and to wrestle any economic crisis. This in turn sustains success. c)Obsession with Low Cost Culture In some respects, the most important requirement to sustain success in the LCC industry is to possess a genuine low-cost culture. Unlike other LCC, AirAsia preached cost avoidance with religious zeal. For example, even though a luggage tag costs less than US$0. 5, AirAsia does not provide them. In addition, it also emphasizes cost deduction so intensely that in-flight ovens must not be overheated and that cabin lights switched off at appropriate times. To further lower cost, the company was the first to implement taking reservations via the internet rather than through travel agents. It operates only one type of aircraft to save on overheads and operating cost. AirAsia crews are also required to help clean the aircraft so as to shorten turnaround times to achieve higher aircraft utilization.At 29 U. S. cents operating cost per available seat-kilometer, Air Asia’s operating cost is the lowest in the industry. With such as an obsession withcosts, AirAsia is certainly poised to sustain its success. d)Effective in Implementing Cost Reduction Measures Even though most low cost carrier had implemented the various cost reduction measures, it was AirAsia that had implemented them most effectively. As a result, AirAsia achieved cost per average seat kilometre of 2. 13 U. S. cents, the lowest for any airline in the world.This in turn allowed the company to achieve profit margins of 38%(before interests, taxes, depreciation and amortization) which were among the highest in the world for LLC. In addition, the company was also able to achieve good operating  benchmarks in terms of flights on time (88%) and baggage handling efficiency (99. 9%). This in turn resulted in further cost reduction as the company paid much lower charges and compensations as compared to other airlines. The ability to ensure that the central objective of achieving bigger cost advantages than the company’s rivals (by continuously